Replacement of Neck Vessels and Endovascular Exclusion of Aortic Arch Dissections and Aneurysms

pp 180-186

Abstract

Endovascular treatment of the descendant aorta is a safe and effective alternative to solve a severe condition in a selected group of high-risk patients. In only 15% of patients the anatomical relations of the aneurysm neck with the left subclavian artery are adequate for the implant, and the incidence of arm ischemia, vertebrobasilar artery syndrome or leaks related to the left subclavian artery intentionally occluded reaches 30%. In addition, patients with compromise of the aortic arch (due to dissections or aneurysms of the aortic arch) are still a more selected high-risk population for surgical treatment. Between November 2005 and December 2006 we included 10 patients with: 1) dissections with compromise of the left subclavian artery or dissections towards the aortic arch (n=7) and, 2) aneurysms of the aortic arch (n=3). All patients had ASA class III or greater, and they were all treated during the acute phase
(14 days). A two-stage (surgical/endovascular) hybrid technique was performed during the same day. The surgical approach was carried out without the need for circulatory arrest, extracorporeal circulation, and deep hypothermia, but endovascular self expanding stent-graft placement presented a few technical difficulties. All procedures were technically successful. Two patients died, one at day 1 (cardiac tamponade) and the other at day 27 (sepsis). No neurologic or vascular complications were reported. The procedure was feasible and effective, with morbidity and mortality rates according to the study population and similar to those reported in other studies performed on comparable patients.